Pronouns

Pronoun is a small word that takes the place of noun. A pronoun is instead of noun.

Type of pronouns

• Personal pronouns/ Rental pronouns are referring to the person who is doing the action or to whom the action affects.

Personal pronouns
Subject	Object	Adjective	Pronoun
I You We They He She It	…… me …… you Us Them Him Her It	My …… Your Our Their His Her It’s	Mine Yours Ours Theirs His Hers It’s

• Reflexive pronouns / Central pronouns are to indicate the person who realizes the action of the verb is the same person who receives the action.

Personal pronouns
	Subject	Reflective
Singular	I You He She It	Myself Yourself Himself Herself Itself
Plural	We You They	Ourselves Yourselves Themselves

• Reciprocal pronouns are to indicate that two people can carry out an action and get the consequences of that an action at the same time.

Reciprocal pronouns

Each other One another

• Relative pronouns are refer to a a noun mentioned before and of which we are adding more information.

Relative pronouns

Who, Whom, Which, That, Whoever, Whomever, Whichever, Whose, What

• Demonstrative pronouns/Definitive is pronouns that point to specific things.

Demonstrative pronouns/Definitive

That, This, These, Those, None, Neither

• Introgrative pronouns are pronoun used in order to ask a question.

Introgrative pronouns for ask about person
Subject	Object	Possesive
Who Which That	Whom	Whose

Introgrative pronouns for ask about the thing
Subject	Object	Possesive
Which	What which	Of which

• Idenfinite pronouns are not refer to any specific person, thing or amount.

Idenfinite pronouns
Singular	Plurar	Singular & plurar
Another Anybody Anyone Anything Everybody Nobody Other Somebody Etc	Both Few Many Others Several Fewer	All Any More None Some Such

Enjoy Learning
Liya ILmia :D

Sentence

Sentence is a grammatical unit that is composed of one or more clauses. It is a group of words contaiing at least one subject and one infinite verb as a predicate and expresses a complete thought.

Kinds of sentences:

1.   Statement

2.  Question/ Introgrative

3.  Command/ Imperative

4.  Exclamation

Types of sentences:

1.   Simple sentence

It is consisting of one independent clause.

S + V + Adv/Adj/Complement

2.  Compound sentence

3.  Complex sentence

Elements of sentence:

Question words

Question words

Question is a sentence that ask for information.

Statement is a sentence that gives information.

Kinds of question:

1.   Verbal Question

It is a question that may be answered by yes, and no. It is usually called yes no question.

Types of verbal question:

-     Begining tobe

Present = Am, Are, Is, Do, Does

Past = Was, Were, Did

Example ;

1.   Does he live in chigago?

Yes, He does

2.  Are you married?

Yes, I am/ Not Yet

-     Begining modal

Will/ Would

Shall X Should = Ought to/ Had better

Can/ Could

May/ Might

Example:

1.   Will you come to my party?

Yes, I will.

2.  Can we go together?

No, i can not.

2.  Pronominal Question

It is question that asks for information by using a question words. We called it an information question.

QW + Tobe/ Auxiliaries + S + V + O WHO + V/ Modal

The function of question words:

When	To ask about time
Where	To ask about place
Why	To ask about reason
Who	To ask about person as subject
Whom	To ask about person as object
Which	To ask about preferences
What	To ask about things, jobs, activities
Whose	To ask about possession
How	To ask about condition, weather, age

3.  Choice Question

“Do you want tea or coffee?”

“Do you want sugar or salt?”

-     Which one/ Which ones

Example :

1.   Which one do you buy?

I buy the cheap one

2.  Which ones do you need?

I need the good ones

Question Tags

Question tag is used to confirm the statement. The statement usually has raising intonation at the end of the sentence. For the positive statement has negative tag, and for negative ends with positive tag. It depends on the auxiliaries or verbs that used on the statement. It is to make sure their information is correct or to seek agreement.

+  ,  -	Auxiliary + S + ?
-     ,  +

Type 1 ( Taq In the ends of statement )

Taq	Respon
+	No
-	Yes

Type 2 ( Taq in front of statement )

Taq	Respon
-	No
+	Yes

The example:

-     Liya is here, isn’t she?

-     Liya has left, hasn’t she?

-     The boy broke the vase, didn’t he?

-     I couldn’t be done, could it?

-     Liya lives in Yogyakarta, doesn’t she?

-     You aren’t tired, are you?

-     Tom came early, didn’t he?

-     I’m student, aren’t i?

-     George has left, hasn’t he?

The exception for the subject I, we must change am to are on the tag. For the example:

-     I’m your classmate in junior high school, aren’t i?

For the commands or requests use; will you, won’t you, shall we, shan’t we. For the example:

-     Let’s go now, shall we?

-     Come here, will you?

-     Don’t go anywhere, will you?

-     Come and join us, will you?

Note :

-     Let’s = Shall + S?

-     Command = Will + S? Won’t + S?

-     Am = Aren’t I?

-     Use = There, Tobe, Modals, Verbs (do, does, did)