Sunday, April 12, 2015

Debate expressions

These phrases are from Debate and Discussion by David Moser

Expressing opinions:
  • -     I think/believe/feel that
  • -     In my opinion ………………………………………
  • -     The way I see it is that …………………………………
  • -     I'm [quite/fairly/pretty] sure/certain/convinced that …………………
  • -     According to [...]...
  • -     As far as I'm concerned...
  • -     If you ask me...
  • -     Without a doubt...
  • -     You must admit/agree that...
  • -     I'd like to point out that...

Giving reasons:
  • -     To begin/start with...
  • -     The reason why...
  • -     That's [the reason] why...
  • -     For this reason...
  • -     Many people think/say that...
  • -     Allowing for the fact that...
  • -     When you consider...

Expressing agreement:
  • -     I agree with you
  • -     That's very true.
  • -     You're [absolutely/quite] right.
  • -     Definitely/ Exactly
  • -     No doubt about it
  • -     ...too/neither...
  • -     I suppose/guess...
  • -     You have/ you've got a [good] point there
  • -     That's my point [exactly]
  • -     That's [exactly] what I mean
  • -     That's a good point
  • -     Partially agreeing:
  • -     Yes, perhaps, however ...
  • -     Well, yes, but ...
  • -     Yes, in a way, however ...
  • -     Possibly, but ...
  • -     Yes, I agree up to a point, however ...
  • -     Well, you have a point there, but ...
  • -     I admit that..., however...
  • -     Yes, I suppose so, however ...
  • -     That's worth thinking about, but ...
  • -     Well, it depends [on]...

Disagreeing:
  • -     I don't believe/think so/that...
  • -     I don't agree/disagree.
  • -     [I'm afraid] I disagree/don't agree [with...]
  • -     Don't you think it would be better if...
  • -     I totally/completely/absolutely disagree
  • -     I beg to differ
  • -     I'd say the exact opposite
  • -     Not necessarily.
  • -     That's not always true/the case.
  • -     I'm not/I wouldn't be so sure about that.
  • -     Shouldn't we consider...
  • -     But, what about...
  • -     Let's face it, [the facts are undeniable/ the truth of the matter is...]
  • -     The problem with that is...
  • -     I am not so sure/certain [you're right there].
  • -     Do you really think/believe that...?
  • -     Well, I don't know about that.
  • -     Well, I'm not so sure about that.
  • -     I'm inclined to disagree with that idea.
  • -     No, I don't think so.
  • -     It's possible you are mistaken about that.

Interrupting:
  • -     Can I add something here?
  • -     May I interrupt for a second?
  • -     If I might add something...
  • -     Sorry to interrupt, but...
  • -     (after accidentally interrupting someone) Sorry, go ahead. OR Sorry, you were saying...
  • -     (after being interrupted) You didn't let me finish/ Please, let me finish.
  • Useful Debate Vocabulary:
  • -     I’m listening to the other side.
  • -     I see your point, but I think
  • -     Yes, I understand, but my opinion is that
  • -     That’s all very interesting, but the problem is that…
  • -     I’m afraid I can’t quite agree with your point.
  • -     I think I’ve got your point, now let me respond to it.
  • -     We can see what you’re saying. Here’s my reply…
  • -     I need to say something now.
  • -     I’m sorry to interrupt, but you’ve misunderstood our point.
  • -     Excuse me, but that’s not quite correct.
  • -     Sorry, I just have to disagree with your point.
  • -     Let me just respond to that, please.
  • -     Forgive me for interrupting, but I must respond to that.
  • -     Hold on a moment, that’s not correct.
  • -     If you would allow me to add a comment here...
  • -     If you don’t mind, I’d like to take issue with what you just said.
  • -     You haven’t replied yet.
  • -     The other side will have to explain why.... otherwise we win that point.
  • -     We said that… but the other side has not replied to our point.
  • -     I’d like to focus on two points that the other side has failed to address.
  • -     There are two points that we have succeeded in establishing…
  • -     I want to call your attention to an important point that our opponents have not addressed yet.
  • -     I’d like to point out that there are two issues our opponents have failed to dispute, namely…
  • -     I must stress again that our point has not been refuted by the other side.
  • -     Well, I think that…
  • -     The first point I would like to raise is this…
  • -     Our position is the following…
  • -     Here’s the main point I want to raise…
  • -     I’d like to deal with two points here. The first is…
  • -     Our opponents have still not addressed the question we raised a moment ago…
  • -     The other side has failed to answer our point about…
  • -     Notice that the affirmative side has not addressed our main point.
  • -     Let me just restate my position.
  • -     Just to be clear, here is what I mean…
  • -     So finally, we…
  • -     To sum up, here are the main points our opponents have not addressed…
  • -     We pointed out that…
  • -     Our opponents have claimed that…
  • -     To recap the main points…
  • -     Let’s sum up where we stand in this debate.
  • -     Let me summarize our position in this debate.
  • -     In summary, we want to point out that…
  • -     Let’s see which arguments are still standing.
  • -     Let’s take stock of where we are in this debate.


Useful Debating Phrases

(1)     1st Proposition
opening, definition, teamline, own arguments
(2)  1st Opposition
accepting definition / redefinition, teamline, rebuttal of 1st Proposition, own arguments
(3)  2nd Proposition
rebuttal of 1st Opp., rebuild own case, own arguments

(4)  2nd Opposition
rebuttal of 2nd Prop., rebuild own case, own arguments

(5)  3rd Proposition
general rebuttal, rebuild own case

(6)  3rd Opposition
general rebuttal, rebuild own case

(7)  Opposition Reply (1st or 2nd speaker)
biased summary

(8)  Proposition Reply (1st or 2nd speaker)
biased summary



Opening the debate:
  • ·         [some nice opening, e.g. quote]
  • ·         Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to this debate.
  • ·         Welcome from this side of the house...
  • ·         The motion for debate today is: ...
  • Defining the motion:
  • ·         Now we as today' proposition/opposition strongly believe that this is true/not true, but before we come to our actual argumentation, let us first define some important terms in this debate.
  • ·         We believe that what is meant by ... is ... / that ... are ...
  • ·         When we say ... should ... we mean that ...

Presenting the teamline:
  • ·         We as todays proposition/opposition have structured our case as follows:
  • ·         I, as the first speaker, will be talking about ...
  • ·         Our second speaker, ..., will elaborate on the fact that ...
  • ·         And our third speaker, ..., will do the rebuttal.
  • Rebutting arguments, rebuilding your case:
  • ·         But before I come to my own arguments, let us first have a look at what ... has said.
  • ·         I will continue our case in a minute, but before that there are some things about the ... speech that need to be addressed.
  • ·         The first prop/opposition speaker has told us ...; on the contrary ...
  • ·         He/She also said that ...; but in fact..
  • ·         He/She was claiming that ...; but as
  • ·         my first speaker already told you, ...

Introducing arguments:
  • ·         Let me come to my first/second/.../next argument: [concise label of argument]
  • ·         My first/... argument is:
  • ·         The first/... reason why we're prop/opposing this motion is:

Explaining arguments:
  • ·         [rather abstract explanation on how the argument should work] giving examples:
  • ·         There are many examples for this/for ..., for instance.
  • ·         In fact, you can find many examples for this in real life. Just think of...
  • ·         And there are similar cases, such as ..., ...
  • ·         So in this simple example we can clearly see the effect of ...

Summarizing & linking the argument:
  • ·         So as we have seen [argument label], and therefore [motion].
  • ·         Now because of this ..., we have to support this motion.

Summarizing & ending your speech:
  • ·         So Ladies and Gentlemen, what have I told you today? Firstly ..., Secondly..
  • ·         [some nice closing words]
  • ·         And for all of these reasons, the motion must stand/fall.


Making/rejecting/accepting/answering points of information:
  • ·         Point of information, Sir/Madam.
  • ·         On that point.
  • ·         Wouldn't you have to agree ...? / Doesn't what you're saying contradict with ...? / What about the ...? / How would you explain, that ... ?
  • ·         No, thank you, Sir/Madam.
  • ·         Declined.
  • ·         Yes, please. / Go ahead.
  • ·         Thank you very much, Sir/Madam, I'm going to come to this very point. in my second argument in a minute [this is an emergency break]

Giving reply speeches:
  • ·         Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome for the last time from today's prop/opposition. It is now my pleasure to summarize this debate, take a look at what both sides have said and see what the outcome of this debate actually is.
  • ·         A first/second/... major clash was: ..
  • ·         Today's prop/opposition told us ...; we had to find ...
  • ·         [some particularly nice closing words]
  • ·         And for all these reasons, I beg you to prop/oppose.


Debating – Useful Expressions

1. to order a sequence of arguments

o   firstly - secondly - finally
o   to begin/start with - next - lastly
o   first of all - and also
o   let me begin by pointing out - and besides
o   in addition to this
o   furthermore / moreover
o   Essentially, the problem is ...
o   to top it all
o   basically
o   besides
o   above all
o   what is more
2. to express one's personal opinion
o   In my opinion / view …
o   To my mind …
o   It seems to me that … (> tentative)
o   I feel / think / believe that … (> neutral)
o   I have the feeling / the impression that …
o   As I see it, …
o   I rather think that …
o   I am sure that …
o   I am convinced that …(> strong)
o   certainly / surely / possibly
3. to state something as a fact
o   There can be no doubt that …
o   It is a fact that …
o   Everyone knows that …
o   indeed / actually
4. to be evasive
o   I'm afraid I can't give you a definitive answer at present.
o   Sorry to sound evasive, but there is no straightforward answer to that.
o   I'd need more information to answer your question.
5. to express and qualify one's argument
o   That is a very important point.
o   I couldn't agree more.
o   That seems reasonable.
o   admittedly / admitting this
o   This can only / not be accepted if / on condition that / in case / unless …
6. complete agreement
o   I agree.
o   I agree completely / entirely.
o   I think you're quite right.
o   I think so, too.
o   I don't think so, either.
o   That's exactly what I think.
o   That's just what I was thinking.
o   Yes, definitively.
o   That's right.
7. qualified agreement
o   maybe / perhaps (not)
o   I see your point.
o   That seems reasonable.
o   To a certain degree …
o   Yes, up to a point …
8. to express one's disagreement or doubt
o   I don't quite agree here.
o   I cannot accept your view that …
o   I cannot share this view.
9. qualified or polite disagreement
o   That seems obvious.
o   Do you really think so?
o   I wouldn't say so.
o   I don't know.
o   I'm not quite so sure.
o   although
o   nevertheless / still
o   even so
o   yet
o   however
10. definite disagreement
o   I don't think so.
o   I don't agree with you.
o   I can't agree, I'm afraid.
o   That's not how I see it.
o   I disagree (completely).
o   I don't agree at all.
11. to discuss the pros and cons
o   on the one hand - on the other hand
o   There are two sides to this question: …
o   An argument for this would be …
-     Others against it are …
o   Some people think … - Others say …
o   however
o   yet
o   but
12. to summarize one's arguments
o   To conclude…
o   In conclusion…
o   It follows from this that…
o   To sum up…
o   so
o   therefore
13. making suggestions and recommendations
o   I'd like to hear your ideas on this. It might be a good idea to …
o   Any suggestions? I think we should …
o   Do any of you have any suggestions? Have you thought of ... +gerund / noun
o   What do you recommend / suggest? I see no alternative but to …
14. to give reasons                     
o   The reason for this is that …
o   There is no reason why …
o   because
o   since
o   as
15. to interrupt someone
o   If I could just make a point here.
o   Sorry to interrupt, but I'd just like to say that …

o   Could I make a suggestion?

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